Skip Navigation

Robotic leader makes for good teamwork

April 25, 2005 By Philip Ball This article courtesy of Nature News.

When two robots arrive at a doorway, who should go first?

Robots are terribly polite these days. When two vehicles developed by a Canadian robotics firm arrive at a narrow door at the same time, they have a friendly way to decide who should pass through first.

The key is to use a team of robots with an elected leader who makes decisions that are best for the group as a whole. Representatives from the Ottawa-based company Frontline Robotics, who will present their polite robots at the RoboBusiness robotics conference in Cambridge, Massachusetts, this May, say their software should be ideal for a variety of military and civilian applications.

"Wherever the task is dull, dangerous and dirty, robots should be in the front line," says Frontline's head, Richard Lepack. He sees the company's robots helping to investigate scenes of terrorist attack or nuclear accidents, or aiding deep-sea construction.

Many researchers are seeking to develop robots that work in packs, coordinating their actions in response to one another. This way of working, called distributed intelligence, resembles the way that social insects such as ants or bees collaborate in foraging or nest building.

It has been shown that such groups can evolve problem-solving strategies that are more efficient than those in which each robot acts independently.

But the robots in such groups usually don't make decisions; they simply respond in a programmed way to a set of input signals. The collaboration between Frontline's robots is different: two robots facing a doorway have to be slightly more flexible.

Who goes first

Frontline's software, called Robotic Open Control (ROC), operates by first allowing the robots to elect a leader. At potential 'choke' points such as a narrow door, the leader is called upon to make decisions.

Each robot applies to the leader for permission to pass through the door, and, by sifting through a prescribed set of rules, the leader decides to award a pass token to one robot by radio signal, allowing it to move forwards. If the leader is somehow put out of action, the team elects another.

The tricky bit is ensuring that the rules about who should go first actually narrow down one winner in each case. The software has been designed to ensure that "progress toward objectives is guaranteed" and that the robots don't get stuck in conflicting reasoning cycles.

Wheelie smart

For the moment, Frontline has put their software into commercially available, four-wheeled rover vehicles, making what they call unmanned ground units or GRUNTs.

At just over a 2 metres long and weighing 450 kilograms, GRUNTs can reach speeds of 30 kilometres per hour and can spin on the spot twice in one second. They are fitted with radio communication systems, all-around imaging cameras, night-vision sensors, radar, and navigation that uses the Global Positioning System (GPS).

Having shown that the software works in a controlled setting, Frontline intends to conduct field trials this year, in which the robots have to deal with more unfamiliar and challenging terrain.

News



Need Assistance?

If you need help or have a question please use the links below to help resolve your problem.